D'Aguilar Genealogy Traveler's Marrano Persecution
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A secret Passover Seder in Spain during the times of Inquisition. Painting by Moshe Maimon Marranos or Secret Jews were Jews resident in the Iberian peninsula in the late fourteenth through seventeenth centuries who adopted Christianity, either through coercion or for convenience, publicly professing Roman Catholicism but secretly adhering to Judaism.
Many Jews converted to Christianity after the reconquest of Spain from Islamic control resulted in a wave of intolerance toward Jews beginning in the late fourteenth century. These conversos (converts), as they were also called, numbered over 100,000 in Iberia. They were also known by the name of Cristianos nuevos (New Christians). Jews referred to them as anusim (the constrained ones), a general word for forced converts from Judaism. Although the exact origin of the word is uncertain, the term Marranos in Spanish and Portuguese meant "pigs," and may have stemmed from the ritual prohibition against eating pork among both Jews and Muslims.
The conversion of these Jews to Christianity soon became suspect, resulting in several waves of severe persecution against them, in which thousands died. The Spanish Inquisition was instituted in the late fifteenth century to expose Marranos whose Christianity was insincere, and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 resulted in part from accusations that Jews were tempting the Marranos to sin by reverting to Judaism.
The treatment of the Marranos stemmed to a large degree from Christian Anti-Judaism in general and laid the foundation for the future history of the persecution of the Jews in Europe.
Scene from a fourteenth century Spanish synagogueSpain and Portugal possessed a sizable Jewish population in the late Middle Ages under Muslim rule due to the relatively tolerant policy of Islam to people "of the Book." After the Spanish reconquista of Muslim lands, however, Christian Anti-Judaism put the Jews under considerable pressure to convert. In the late fourteenth century, Christian mobs attacked the Jewish "Christ-killers," and thousands of Jews became martyrs for their faith. Many more, however, took the expedient course of allowing themselves to be led to the baptismal fount. About 100,000 Jews thus became "conversos."
Over the next century, many of the conversos were able to practice Judaism covertly and even to form secret Jewish communities. Some of these "Marranos" had considerable wealth and occupied influential positions at court, and occasionally even in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. A wave of suspicion thus spread against all conversos regarding the sincerity of their conversions, resulting in persecution.
In Cordoba, anti-Marrano violence broke out in 1473, resulting in many deaths and widespread destruction of property. Mob violence soon spread to other cities, resulting in several reported massacres of Jews and former-Jews. In 1480, the Catholic Church instituted the Spanish Inquisition to carry out a more systematic persecution of crypto-Jews, as opposed to sincere conversos. Since such crypto-Jews pretended to be Christians, they could be persecuted for the heresy of Christian Judaism, and more than 300 Marranos were thus burned at the stake. The number of victims of various forms of official and unofficial violence against Marranos and conversos is hard to know for certain, but the number of deaths is estimated in the tens of thousands.
Nevertheless, many conversos continued to associate with their Jewish relatives and neighbors. Many practiced some form of Judaism in private—whether circumcising their sons, offering prayers in Hebrew, or simply declining to eat pork out of a long-ingrained revulsion to non-kosher foods. Popular animosity toward alleged Jewish influence in society thus continued to grow.
Believing that the presence of Jews was a temptation to the Marranos, Spanish authorities eventually decided that all Jews must be expelled. The infamous expulsion was issued on March 31, 1492. A resulting influx of Jews and conversos to Portugal resulted in a similar policy being instituted there in 1497, followed by another expulsion order in Navarre in 1498.
A minority of Jews avoided expulsion by converting, thus adding to the ranks of the Marranos. The Inquisition, meanwhile, continued its efforts to root out any remaining crypto-Jews. As a result, many Marranos eventually left Spain and Portugal, emigrating mainly to other European nations and North Africa. By the mid-1700s, the Marranos had for the most disappeared either though emigration or assimilation.
Types of Marranos
Jewish converts to Catholicism in Spain and Portugal during this period may be divided into three categories: true converts, public converts who retained various degrees of Judaism while assimilating into Christian society, and temporary converts. The categories overlap to a degree, and all three could be referred to as Marranos, although the term is generally used to describe the latter two categories.
New Christians
The first category comprised those who legitimately converted to Christianity, whether for expedience or a sincere belief in the Christian faith. This group truly considered themselves Christians and raised their families as such. These were called "New Christians" or "conversos."
A number of Spanish poets belong to this category, such as Pero Ferrus, Juan de Valladolid, Rodrigo Cota, and Juan de España of Toledo. Called also "El Viejo" (the old one), Juan de España had been a Talmudic scholar before his conversion and used his knowledge to engage in often mocking criticism of his former co-religionists. A number of conversos, eager to display their new Christian zeal, persecuted other Jews, denouncing secret Jews to the authorities, as happened frequently at Valencia, Barcelona, and other cities. On the other hand, during times of persecution, New Christians could easily fall under suspicion and become victims of mob violence, especially if they maintained ties to their Jewish relatives and neighbors.
Crypto-Jews
The second category consisted of those who held on to the Jewish customs and faith in which they had been reared. These were known as "Judíos Escondidos"—hidden Jews. They secretly preserved the religion of their fathers and, in spite of the high positions which some held, observed Jewish traditions in private. Many of the wealthiest supposed coverts of Aragon belonged to this category. Some constructed hidden synagogues in their homes, to which trusted neighbors might be invited, while others used their influence at court to protect the Jewish and converso community from persecution.
Temporary conversos
The third category, which included the largest group of conversos, comprised those who yielded through stress of circumstances, but seized the first opportunity to return publicly their faith when it became safe to do so. The degree to which these conversos adhered privately to Jewish law varied. To this group the rabbis often applied the Talmudic passage: "Although he has sinned, he must still be considered a Jew." Such conversos lived outwardly as Christians but retained ties to Jewish kin.
History by Country
In Spain
Eleanor of CastileIn 1391, Regent Queen Eleanor of Castile gave Archdeacon Ferrand Martinez of Ecija considerable authority, which he used to incite violence against the Jews, culminating in the sack of the Jewish quarter of Seville on June 4, 1391. Throughout Spain during this year, the cities of Ecija, Carmona, Córdoba, Toledo, Barcelona, and many others saw their Jewish quarters destroyed and many Jews massacred. An estimated 100,000-200,000 Jews saved their lives by converting to Christianity in the wake of these persecutions.
However, the large numbers of the Spanish conversos, as well as the wealth and influence of some of them, aroused the envy and hatred of the populace. The Catholic clergy often incited mobs against these "Marranos" as unbelieving Christians and heretics. The Marranos thus came to be hated even more than the Jews.
A wave of violence broke out against the Marranos at Toledo in 1449. Instigated by two priests, Juan Alfonso and Pedro Lopez Galvez, a Christian mob plundered and burned the house of the wealthy converso Alonso Cota and went on to attack the residences of other wealthy New Christians in the quarter of la Magdelena. The conversos, under Juan de la Cibdad, opposed the mob, but were defeated and hanged by the feet. As an immediate consequence of this riot a number of alleged crypto-Jews were deposed from public office. Another attack was made upon the New Christians of Toledo in July 1467. The houses of the Marranos near the city's cathedral were burned, and the conflagration spread so rapidly that 1,600 houses were consumed, including the beautiful palace of Diego Gomez. Many Christians and still more conversos perished in the flames. Many Marranos were killed in mob violence and several were captured and hanged.
The example set by Toledo was imitated six years later by Córdoba, where Christians and conversos formed two hostile parties. On March 14, 1473, Bishop Don Pedro led a procession in which a Marrano girl had allegedly thrown filthy water on a stature of the Virgin Mary. The crowd immediately raised a fierce shout for revenge, turning on the conversos, denouncing them as heretics, killing them, and plundering and burning their houses. To stop the excesses, the highly respected Don Alonso Fernandez de Aguilar, whose wife was a member of the widely spread converso family of Pacheco, together with his brother, the famous military leader Don Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordova and a troop of soldiers, hastened to protect the New Christians. Don Alonso called upon the mob to retire, but the knight Diego de Aguayo led the mob to attack the conversos. Girls were raped, and men, women, and children were slain. The massacre and pillage lasted three days, and it was then decreed that, in order to prevent the repetition of such excesses, no converso would be allowed to live or hold office in Córdoba.
In the same year, attacks on the Marranos arose in numerous cities. At Montoro, Bujalance, Adamuz, La Rambla, Santaella, and elsewhere, mobs attacked and killed the Marranos and plundered their houses. At Jaén a constable who tried to protect the conversos was attacked and killed in church. Mobs also attacked conversos in Andujar, Úbeda, Baeza, and Almodovar del Campo. In Valladolid groups looted the belongings of the New Christians. In Segovia on May 16, 1474 Don Juan Pacheco, himself a converso, led an attack against the alleged crypto-Jewish population that turned into a massacre. Nearly all the conversos of the city may have died. At Carmona every converso was reportedly killed.
Torquemada was a zealous persecutor of the Marranos.
The Spanish Inquisition was instituted to expose crypto-Jews among the conversos of Spain.The Spanish Inquisition was instituted in 1478 both to root out the remaining crypto-Jews and to bring order to the process of persecuting them. The Dominican Alonso de Hojeda of Seville convinced Queen Isabella I of Castile that crypto-Judaism still existed among the Andalusian conversos. An official report produced by Archbishop Pedro González de Mendoza of Seville and the Dominican Tomás de Torquemada corroborated this assertion. On November 1, 1478, Pope Sixtus IV formally established the Inquisition in the Kingdom of Castile.
The government issued an edict ordering traditional Jews to live within a ghetto and separated them from the conversos. Despite this law, however, the Jews remained in communication with their converso relatives and former neighbors. The conversos of Seville and Aragon bitterly opposed the Spanish Inquisition, many of them having rendered considerable service to the king. However, hundreds of Marranos were executed as heretics through the Inquisition's efforts.
Despite the persecution, crypto-Judaism continued to exist, as wealthy Marranos created secret synagogues in hidden rooms in their homes and went to great lengths to hide their Jewish practices. Nor did the Inquisition succeed entirely in breaking the family and neighborly ties between Jews and conversos.
Alleged attempts of the Jews to win the conversos back to Judaism were listed in charges brought against the Jews by the government of Ferdinand and Isabella. They formed the grounds for the expulsion and banishment of Jews from the country in 1492, in order to prevent them from subverting the conversos.
In Portugal
In 1506, mob violence broke out in Lisbon, killing any New Christians found in the streets. More than 500 conversos were reportedly slain and burned on the first day or the violence. On the next day the mob dragged innocent victims from their houses and threw them on the pyre. Even non-Jewish Christians who resembled or defended the conversos were killed. At least 2,000 conversos, as many as 4,000 by some accounts, perished within 48 hours, and by the third day there were no more conversos in the city.
Some of the citizens had enabled their converso and Jewish neighbors to escape, and Portuguese crown severely punished the inhabitants who took part in the killings, and the ringleaders were either hanged or quartered. Even the Dominicans who had occasioned the riot were garroted and burned. Local people convicted of murder or pillage suffered corporal punishment, and their property was confiscated. The king granted religious freedom to all conversos for 20 years.
The liberated New Christians of Portugal were distinguished for their knowledge, their commerce, and their banking enterprises. They were also resented for their power by competing and lower class Christians. Many conversos found new hope for the future when the foreign Jew, David Reubeni arrived on the scene. Not only was Reubeni invited by King John to visit Portugal; but he also received permission "to preach the law of Moses." Many Portuguese conversos regarded Reubeni as their savior and Messiah.
The Marranos of Spain also heard the news, and some of them left home to seek out Reubeni. In 1528, while Reubeni was still in Portugal, some Spanish conversos forcibly freed from the Inquisition a woman imprisoned at Badajoz. The rumor spread that the conversos of the entire kingdom had united to make common cause. This increased the resentment and fear of the populace, who attacked the converses of Gouvea, Alentejo, Olivença, Santarém, and other places. In the Azores and the island of Madeira virtually all of the conversos were massacred.
As in Spain, the king began to believe that a Portuguese Inquisition could serve both to control the excesses of mob violence and root out any conversos who were secretly still practicing Judaism. The Portuguese conversos waged a long and bitter war against the introduction of the tribunal, and spent large sums to win over the Catholic hierarchy, but to no avail. The conversos suffered immensely at the hands of the Inquisition and in mob violence. Many were robbed and killed at Trancoso, Lamego, Miranda, Viseu, Guarda, Braga and Covilhã. In 1562 the Catholic prelates convinced the government to require conversos to wear special badges, and to order the Jews to live in ghettos (judiarias) in cities and villages as was previously the case.
Survival
Many Marranos, who were threatened and persecuted by the Inquisition, left Spain and Portugal in bands or as individual refugees. Many of them escaped to Italy, some settling in Ferrara where Duke Ercole I d'Este granted them privileges. Spanish and Portuguese conversos also settled at Florence. They received privileges at Venice, where they were protected from the persecutions of the Inquisition. At Milan they materially advanced the interests of the city by their industry and commerce. At Bologna, Pisa, Naples, Reggio, and many other Italian cities. Many Conversos also went to Dubrovnik in southern Croatia, formerly a considerable seaport. In May, 1544, a ship landed there filled with Portuguese refugees.
Pope Paul IV instituted the persecution of the Marranos in Italy.In Piedmont Duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy welcomed Conversos from Coimbra and granted them commercial and industrial privileges, as well as the free exercise of their religion. Rome was also the new home of many conversos. Pope Paul III received them at Ancona for commercial reasons and granted complete liberty "to all persons from Portugal and Algarve, even if belonging to the class of New Christians." Three thousand Portuguese Jews and conversos were living at Ancona by 1553 during the papacy of Marcellus II.
Two years later, however, Pope Paul IV issued orders to have all the conversos thrown into the prisons of the new Italian Inquisition which he had instituted. Sixty of them, who repented of their crypto-Judaism and acknowledged the Catholic faith as penitents, were transported to the island of Malta; 24, who adhered to Judaism, were publicly burned as heretics in May, 1556. Some of those who escaped the Inquisition were received at Pesaro by Duke Guido Ubaldo of Urbino. Guido had hoped to have the Jews and conversos of Turkey select Pesaro as a commercial center. When that did not happen, he expelled the conversos from Pesaro and other districts in 1558.
Many conversos sought refuge beyond the Pyrenees, settling at Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Tarbes, Bayonne, Bordeaux, Marseille, and Montpellier. They were married by Catholic priests, had their children baptized, and publicly pretended to be Catholics. In secret, however, they circumcised their children, kept the Sabbath and feast-days as far as they could, and prayed together as Jews. Kings Henry II (d. 1559) and Henry III of France (d. 1589) protected them from various accusations made against them. At St. Esprit, as well as at Peyrehorade, Bidache, Orthez, Biarritz, and St. Jean de Luz, they gradually avowed Judaism openly. In 1640 several hundred conversos, considered to be Jews, were living at St. Jean de Luz; and at St. Esprit there was a synagogue as early as 1660.
In the Ottoman Empire, where Judaism and Christianity both enjoyed a considerable degree of toleration, most conversos openly declared their return to Judaism and later built important communities in Salonika.
Many conversos traveled to Flanders, attracted by its flourishing cities, such as Antwerp, where they settled at a relatively early date, and Brussels. Conversos from Flanders, and elsewhere, also went as Catholics to Hamburg and Altona about 1580, where they established commercial relations with their former homes. Some went as far as Scotland. Christian IV of Denmark invited some New Christian families to settle at Glückstadt about 1626, granting certain privileges to them and also to the Conversos who came to Emden about 1649.
Individual New Christians also went to London, and from there their families spread to Brazil and to other colonies of the Americas. The migrations to Constantinople and Salonika, where Jewish refugees had settled after the expulsion from Spain, as well as to Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria, and to Vienna and Timişoara, continued to the middle of the eighteenth century.
Large numbers of conversos were also able to remain in Spain and Portugal, despite the extensive emigration and the fate of the victims of the Inquisition. The New Christians of Portugal breathed more freely when Philip III of Spain came to the throne and, by the law of April 4, 1601, granted them the privilege of unrestricted sale of their real estate as well as free departure from the country for themselves, their families, and their property. Many soon followed their coreligionists to Africa and Turkey. After a few years, however, the privilege was revoked, and the Inquisition resumed its activity. Many Portuguese conversos clung faithfully to the religion of their fathers, bearing torture for their faith and identity.
In the early twentieth century, several crypto-Jewish communities still existed in northeastern Portugal (namely in Belmonte, Bragança, Miranda, Chaves, among others).[1] The last remaining community in Belmonte officially returned to Judaism in the 1970s and opened a synagogue in 1996.
D'Aguilar Genealogy
www.kittybrewster.com/ancestry/daguilar.htm
See also Ephraim Lópes Pereira d'Aguilar Man Of Faith But Not Called So By Some.
D'Aguilar genealogy. How Were People Able To Rob Steal And Kill Jews. Of Their History? By Taxing Their Faith Which Left Them With Out Land And Food Knowing Their Practiced Faith Then Forcing Taxes And Fee’s And killing Them ,Daily.During Holy Moments and Practice Etc.Etc.
The Genealogy of the D'Aguilar Family
See Link http://www.kittybrewster.com/ancestry/daguilar.htm Catalina De Aguiar.Flores Aguilar.Luis Aguilar.Gerónimo Also Jerónimo De Aguilar.Jose Aguilar.Grace Aguilar.Martin D'Aguilar.Spanish Not Dutch.Marquis D'aguilar.Rabbi.Moses Raphael D'aguilar.Jew.Abraham D'Aguilar.Jew. The Genealogy of the d'Aguilar Family The Genealogy of the d'Aguilar Family
António Martins. A new Christian. A candlemaker or merchant. Married Isabel Pereira, a new Christian.
Francisca Pereira, born in Mogadouro. Married Francisco Lópes. New Christian. Born Mogadouro. A shoemaker or merchant.
Isabel Pereira. nicknamed "A Mansa" (born Mogadouro c.1593, arrested by the Inquisition of Coimbra in 1651, went to an auto-de-fé in 1652, moved to France c.1660 with her daughters and son-in-law, daughter of Francisca Pereira, born Mogadouro). Married Gaspar Lópes Chacim. Born Mogadouro. New Christian or half new Christian.
a. Joana Pereira.
b. Isabel Pereira. Married Luis Lópes Pacheco.
c. Francisco Lópes Pereira. Born Mogadouro c.1617. A merchant and tobacco dealer. Arrested by the :Inquisition of Coimbra in 1651 went to an auto-de-fé in 1652 lived in Granada c.1657-58 when he was "reconciled" again. Arrested by the Inquisition of Toledo and freed after paying a fine, like his son Manuel c.1666-1667. Lived in Seville in 1675. Died in Madrid before 1703. Married Maria Dias known in Spain as Maria Diaz del Angelo (born Chacim, Portugal c.1624 died Madrid before 1703, in 1660 she was imprisoned in Granada, said to have been arrested by the Inquisition of Toledo and freed after paying a fine like her husband and her son Manuel).
i. Manuel Lópes Pereira. aka Manuel Dias Pereira and D Manuel de Aguilar. Born in the town of Mogadouro, Portugal. He was a tobacco contractor. Arrested by Married Branca Teresa. In 1703 he lived in Oporto as a tobacco contractor and had two children, a boy and a girl, and the boy was named Diogo.
A. Rachel d'Aguilar. Married Jacob Alvares Pereira.
B. Ester de Manuel Lópes Pereira. Married Jacob Alvares.
C. Sarah d'Aguilar.
D. Diego (Moses) Lópes d'Aguilar. Baron of the Holy Roman Empire (cr.1726). Born Portugal 1699. Died 10 August 1759. He was a Marrano. To avoid the Inquisition, in 1722 he left Lisbon and took refuge in London where he and Mendes da Costa were amongst the richest merchants, holding prominent positions as "Court Jews". Financier, banker, expert in the tobacco trade and community leader. State treasurer, confidant and private adviser to Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, he was invited by her to administer the taxation of tobacco. He left Portugal for Vienna, Austria where he reverted to Judaism. Matriculated his arms: Gules an eagle or beneath a plate, on a chief argent three hillocks vert on each a pear or slipped vert [Rietstap]. Married 1722 Donna Simha da Fonseca (died 1755).
a. Aron d'Aguilar. Born 1725. Died in infancy.
b. Sarah d'Aguilar. Born 1728. Died 12 December 1801. Married Isaac Jesurum Alvares.
c. Rachel d'Aguilar. Born 1730. Died October 1789.
d. Rebecca d'Aguilar. Born 1732. Died 10 January 1803.
e. Hannah d'Aguilar. Born 1734. Died 25 January 1763.
f. Esther d'Aguilar. Born 1739. Died 30 September 1791. Married Dr Isaac Henriques Sequeira (originally Francisco Corna da Silva Sequira).
g. Ephraim Lópes Pereira d'Aguilar, 2nd Baron d'Aguilar (born Vienna 1739, died intestate Shaftesbury Place, London 16th March 1802). Eccentric and miser. Lost his suit to be executor of his 2nd wife. He inherited his father's vast fortune. At the age of eighteen, in 1757 he was naturalised British and married his first wife, with whom he lived in great style in Broad Street Buildings, in a house built by his father-in-law. He kept an elegant equipage, consisting of carriages and 24 servants. He held various positions in the Sephardi Community, and served as treasurer of the Portuguese Synagogue. In 1765 he was elected warden, but declined to serve, and refused, on technical grounds, to pay the fine. He was given eight days to accept or to submit to the penalty. He must have submitted, because in 1767, he married the very accomplished and also rich widow of Benjamin Mendes Da Costa, a respectable merchant, which he would not have been able to do had he been lying under the ban. He lost a large estate of about 15,000 acres, and an elegant mansion, in America, as a result of the Revolution, which, together with domestic disagreements, caused him to alter his life-style, renounce the character of a gentleman, and become ‘rude, slovenly and careless of his person and conduct, totally withdrawing himself from his family connections, and the gay world. He latterly affected the appearance of poverty, though notwithstanding his losses, ... he still possessed much more than a competency, having considerable property, consisting of houses, land, merchandise, goods, jewels, diamonds ...’ He gave up his mansion in Broad Street as well as his country houses at Bethnal Green, Twickenham and Sydenham. At this point the couple separated, and he became notorious as the miserly proprietor of ‘Starvation Farm’ at Islington, because he refused to feed his livestock, on the principle that they had to learn who was boss. He also had the reputation for scattering wild oats all over the place, but then he brought up the resulting offspring as his own children, although he would not see his two legitimate daughters, whom he declared ‘too fine’ to fit into his company. In 1770 he was again elected to office in the synagogue, and for some years thereafter remained a member of the synagogue. He died at Shaftesbury Place, of an inflammation in his bowels, having been ill for 17 days, and is buried in the cemetery of Bevis Marks. It was supposed that he died for want of proper care and treatment, because, notwithstanding the severity of the weather, and the danger he was in, he would not allow a fire in his house. The name d’Aguilar is a very famous Sephardi name; there were four eminent Rabbonim in Amsterdam of this name. He married first 8th December 1756, Sarah (Simha) Mendes da Costa (born c.1742, died 5 May 1763), daughter of the late Moses Mendes da Costa [son of Jacob Mendes da Costa], died 1756, and Rebecca née Salvador, m 1741 (dau of Francis Salvador [son of Joseph] who md Rachel da Costa [dau of Moses]), When she married, at the age of fifteen, she brought with her a substantial dowry, variously recorded as £30,000 (Gentleman’s Magazine) or £150,000 (James Picciotto, writing in the 1870s), her father having died the previous year. She died at the age of only 21. ED
1. Georgina Isabella d'Aguilar, Married first 13th May 1782 Vice Admiral Keith Stewart of Glasserton, MP (born 1739. died 5th May 1795). Georgina married second Lt-Col Richard Fitzgerald, 2nd Life Guards (kia Waterloo).
2. Caroline Sarah d'Aguilar. Married Dr Ewart, physician general to the Establishment at Bengal. He died in India.
3. A son.
Ephraim married second 5 March 1767 Rebecca, nee Lamego (dsp 30 November 1795), dau of Isaac Lamego and widow of Benjamin Mendes da Costa, Chairman of the Committee of Diligence. She appears to have lived apart from Ephraim. She lived in Bury St., later Hackney; her executor was Abraham d'Aguilar.
h. Leah d'Aguilar. Born c.1742. Died 8th November 1761. Married 8th April 1761 Raphael Franco.
i. David d'Aguilar. Born c.1744. Dsp 1790. Married 31st January 1771 Rebecca Baruh Lousada (born 1751, died 17th May 1824, bured Mile End), dau of Jacob Baruh Lousada.
j. Judith d'Aguilar. Born 8th May 1747. Died 19th November 1821. Buried Mile End. Married Bevis Marks, 6th March 1771, Isaac Baruh Lousada (born 1748, died 30th May 1831, buried Mile End) of Devonshire Square, son of Jacob Baruh Lousada.
1. Moses Baruch Lousada. Died 1826. Married Bella Barrow of Jamaica.
i. John Baruch Lousada. Married Tryphena Barrow. 6 sons, 5 daughters.
ii. Isaac Lousada. Married his 2nd cousin Sarah Lousada, daughter of Isaac Lousada, Duke de Lousada y Lousada, son of Moses de Lousada, son of Jacob Baruh Lousada. With 2 other children, they had:
(A) Arthur Lousada.
(B) Bella Lousada. Married Major Wills.
iii. George Lousada. Married Juliana Goldsmid.
(A) Herbert G Lousada.
2. Lydia Baruh Lousada. Born 13th March 1789. Died 5th January 1837. Married 1808 Isaac Baruh Lousada, Duke de Lousada (born 1783, died 16th September 1857), son of Emanuel Baruh Lousada, son of Jacob Baruh Lousada.
i. Mary Lousada. Born 1811. Died last quarter of 1912 or 1913. Marcus Whitaker believes she was the 2nd daughter of M B Lousada of Finsbury Square rather than I B Lousada. Married 1st April 1834 Rev John Bacon (born 25th March 1809, died 28th February 1871), eldest son of John Bacon RSA (1777-1859).
(A) Rev Maunsell John Bacon, MA. Born 26th October 1839. Died Barton House, Pooley Bridge, Penrith 29th April 1924. Vicar of Newton-cum-Hauxton, Cambs 1874-8, Vicar of Swallowfield, Berks 1881-1922. Married Alice Bean.
(a) Roger Bacon.
(b) Alice Bacon.
(c) Arthur Bacon.
(d) Dorothy Bacon.
(e) John Maunsell Bacon. Born 13th September 1866.
(B) Francis Bacon. Born 1841. Married M Langley.
(a) Annie Bacon.
(b) Cara Bacon.
(c) Lizzie Bacon.
(d) Alban Bacon.
(e) Frank Bacon.
(f) Joan Bacon.
(C) Harry Vivian Bacon. Born 1844. Married 31st July 1878 Marie Ivanova Dolbeshoff (born Russia).
(a) Eustace Bacon.
(b) Harold Bacon.
(c) Marjorie Bacon.
(D) Rev John Mackenzie Bacon. Born Woodlands, St Mary Berkshire 19th June 1846. Died Coldash 25th December 1904. Married first 11 April 1871 Gertrude Myers.
(a) Francis Bacon. Born 23rd January 1872. Died 8th July 1873.
(b) Gertrude Bacon. Born 19th April 1874. Died 22nd December 1949. Married 1929 Thomas Foggitt (died 1934).
(c) Prof Frederic Bacon. Born 28th December 1880. Died 23rd August 1943. Professor of Engineering, Univ College, Swansea. Married 12 July 1911 Marion Fenner.
(1) Valerie May Bacon.
John married second 7 October 1903 Stella Valintine.
(d) Stella Mary Bacon. Born 16th November 1904.
(E) Arthur Hippisley Bacon. Born 1847. Died 1847.
k. Abigail d'Aguilar. Born 12th May 1749. Died 1822. Married Jacob Franco.
l. Joseph d'Aguilar. Born 1750. Died 31st July 1774. Lived Margate.
m. Solomon d'Aguilar. Born 1752. Died 28 October 1817. Lived in Liverpool. Married Margaret Gillmer (born 1753, died 31 May 1829, will proved Chester). 3 sons, 4 daughters.
1. Lieutenant-General Sir George Charles d'Aguilar (1784-1855). Lt-Governor of Hong Kong. Altogether d'Aguilar served for twenty six years on the general staff, during eight of which he was assistant adjutant-general at the Horse Guards, principally under Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, and for twelve years assistant adjutant-general of the army in Ireland. In 1841 he was promoted to Major-General.
n. Benjamin d'Aguilar. Born 1753. Died 12th July 1813. Married Jane _____.
1. Lt-Col George Thomas d'Aguilar, HEICS. Born 11th August 1783. Bap St Mary's Church, St Marylebone 10th May 1784. Died Calcutta 9th October 1839. Buried South Park Street Cemetary, Calcutta. Having secured a commission on the Bengal Establishment of the Honourable East India Company's service, he was posted to the 13th Native Infantry and promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 29 May 1800. When he executed his will on 4 January 1836 he gave his rank as Lieutenant-Colonel and his address as "Bhaugulpore in the province of Bengal." Married Catherine Burton "who bore him 20 children in India". Her father was the Reverend Edward Burton Vicar of Annaghdown, County Galway and her mother was Maria Margaretta Campbell, who it was claimed descended from Louis XIV of France by a Countess of Montmorency. Catherine's brother Joseph Netterville Burton, was the father of Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821 - 1890), the noted Victorian explorer.
(Speculatively a grandson) Charles Burton d'Aguilar Lt. Col. (ret'd) died 21 May 1959 at Bournemouth with burial at Ashwick, Oakhill near Bath - from London Times 25 May 1959.
i. (speculatively) Lt. Col. Henry d'Aguilar. Born Liverpool, c. 1809. Married with one
daughter at home at Sandhurst 1881. Henry and his brother Charles Lawrence may, rather, have been children of General George d'Aguilar, father of Georgina who married Sir Thomas Larcom, Under-Secretary of State in Dublin. We are uncertain where he fits in.
ii. (speculatively) Lt. Gen. Charles Lawrence d'Aguilar. Born Ireland c. 1812. He married Emily Percy and had children Emily G. and Constance.
iii. Eliza Harriet d'Aguilar. Married Rev John Pope.
(A) Charles d'Aguilar Pope. He fought and died at the battle of Isandhlwana against the Zulus in 1879.
iv. Maria Margaretta d'Aguilar. Born 23 August 1817. Christened Meerut 15 February 1818. Died 21 August 1843. Married 24 July 1839 Welby Brown Jackson. Welby Brown Jackson was the son of Sir John Jackson, 1st Baronet of Arlsey in Bedfordshire. He was born in Ilford, Essex on 30 March 1802. Having joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1820, he advanced to Judge of the Sudder Court in Calcutta. He was living in Ootacamund in September 1843 when his son, George d'Aguilar Jackson, was christened. He retired on the Company's Annuity Fund in 1854 and returned to England. By 1855 he was living at 41, Wigmore Street in London. He subsequently moved to live in Upton-cum-Chalvey in Buckinghamshire. According to the census taken in England in April 1881, he was living on his income with his third wife, Elizabeth, and four servants at 3 Victoria Terrace, Upton Park in Upton-cum-Chalvey. He died on 17 November 1890. Jackson was married three times: His first wife, whom he married in St. John's Church, Calcutta on 10 April 1823, was Katherine Hungerford, the daughter of John Townsend Hungerford and Mary Ann Pyne. She died on 3 September 1836. His second wife, whom he married on 24 July 1839, was Maria Margaretta D'Aguilar, the eldest daughter of Lieut.-Col. George Thomas D'Aguilar, of the Honourable East India Company's Service. She died on 21 August 1843. His third and last wife, whom he married on 29 August 1856, was Elizabeth Ireland, the daughter of Thomas James Ireland, of Owsden Hall in Suffolk.
(A) Major General George d'Aguilar Jackson. Born Ootacamund 20 July 1843. Bap by the Archdeacon of Madras 8 September 1843. Died Torquay, Devon 24 April 1919. He was nominated as a Cadet for the Bengal Cavalry in December 1858, and received his commission as a Cornet on in November 1859. He trained in engineering at Thomason College, Roorkee; was seconded to the Public Works Department, Bengal; served in the Afghan War, 1879 (medal); was promoted to Major-General and retired in 1898. Married first 20 May 1874 Margaret Springall Thompson (died 1920), daughter of Springall Thompson, JP. Marriage dissolved 1887. She married, secondly, Maj.-Gen. David Limond, CB, of Lahore in India, the Secretary and Chief Engineer to Government, Public Works, General Branch, Punjab. He married second Fanny _____ (born Buscott, Gloucestershire c.1857).
(a) Isabel May D'Aguilar Jackson. Born Moltan, Punjab, India, 17 September 1875. Baptised in the Bengal Presidency in India 9 December 1875. Died 1922. Married 11 February 1902 Charles Norman Buzzard (born 29 April 1873. He was commissioned into the Royal Artillery on 15 August 1892, and retired as a Lieutenant-Colonel in 1920. He served as aide-de-camp to the High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of Cyprus in 1898-1899, and on operations during the Great War, 1914-1918 - being created DSO in 1918 and CMG in 1920. He remarried in 1922).
(b) Harold Frederick D'Aguilar Jackson, born in India in 1877. Educated at Harrow. Served with the United States Engineers on operations in France, 1918. Died 1942. Married 1903 Anna Lillian _____ (the widow of Count von Stadie, of Königsberg in Germany. In 1946 Mrs Jackson's address was given as 820, South Carondelet Street, Los Angeles, California. By 1969, however, she had moved to Venice, California). They had issue two children.
(c) Cecil D'Aguilar Jackson. Born out of wedlock in Paddington in London in 1882. In 1946 his address was given as Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Son by Fanny Jackson.]
(d) Florence D'Aguilar Jackson, born in the Bengal Presidency in India 1887. [Daughter by Fanny Jackson.]
v. Rev John Burton d'Aguilar, MA. Born India 1819. Vicar of Ashwick, near Bath. He assisted at the marriages of two nieces as announced in the Times 5 April 1875. They took place on 31 March 1875 at St. Andrew's Church, Bath. Married Mary _____ (born Lancashire 1824).
(A) Mary Elizabeth d'Aguilar. Died 27 October 1921. Married Col Arthur Chichester William Crookshank.
(a) Col Chichester de Windt Crookshank.
(1) Chichester William Usher Crookshank.- see BLG Vol II, Crookshank
(i) Chichester Edward Jasper Crookshank.
(B) Grace Harriet d'Aguilar. Born Roorkee, East Indies 1856. Married Shepton Mallet, Somerset Jul-Sep 1877 Joseph Miller Kirkman.
(a) Bruce D Kirkman. Born Endon, Staffs 1879. Educated Cheltenham, Gloucs.
(b) Muriel G Kirkman. Born Wootton Bassett, Wilts 1880.
(c) Beryl Kirkman. Born Wootton Bassett, Wilts 1881.
vi. Emily d'Aguilar. Died young.
vii. George d'Aguilar. Born 2 April 1824. Baptised Barrackpor 12 September 1824.
viii. Edward Henry d'Aguilar. Born c.1836. Died Chinsurah 16 July 1839.
o. Hananel d'Aguilar. Born 1754/55. Died 28 November 1809. Went to Jamaica by 1786; his sons joined him c.1792. Married M Rebecca Treves. 3 daughters and:
1. Moses d'Aguilar.
2. Joseph d'Aguilar.
3. Hananel d'Aguilar. Had children by Emilie Guegues (a free Mulatto) including
i. William d'Aguilar. Born 14 February 1803. Had a son by Sarah Munroe whom he married by 1858:
(A) John Peter d'Aguilar. Born July 1828. Married first Emma Campbell.
(a) Hananel d'Aguilar. Born 4 December 1860. Married Amina (Anita) Moses.
(1) William Leopold d'Aguilar. Born 29 August 1890. Married in London 21 June 1916 Nora Mullett. 4 children incl.:
(i) Donald d'Aguilar.
A. Mark d'Aguilar.
B. Chris d'Aguilar.
ii. Gaspar Lópes Pereira. aka Gaspar Dias Pereira and Gaspar de Aguilar. Born c.1644 died 10 May 1682 in an auto-de-fé in Lisbon after refusing to leave Judaism. http://magyar-irodalom.elte.hu/palimpszeszt/25_szam/03.html
Thank You Mark Good Luck To You And Your Family We Are happy To hear From You. Long Live The D'Aguilars.
Thank You
Thank You
Hello,
I visited your web site today and noticed a few errors and missing members on the genealogy.
My Name is Mark D'Aguilar. I am the Mark D'Aguilar listed near the bottom of your web page. My older brother is Christopher. My father was Donald D'Aguilar. My grandparents were William Leopold D'Aguilar and Nora Mullett. They had seven children (not four).
Below are my ancestors, starting with Hananel D'Aguilar and Rebecca Treves down to my niece Tarah (I composed this family tree for her from documents that I have, including wills, birth certificates and marriage certificates). The information you have prior to Hananel D'Aguilar and Rebecca Treves is the same as my records.
The bold represents my direct ancestors.
1. o) Hananel D'Aguilar = Rebecca Treves (emigrated to Jamaica around 1786)
2. a) Moses D'Aguilar
2. b) Joseph D'Aguilar
2. c, d, e) three daughters whose names I don't know
2. f) Hananel D'Aguilar
(Jr.)
(a.k.a.
William Kerr D'Aguilar.
Converted to Roman Catholicism in Jamaica and changed his name)
= Emilie Gueges
(a free Mulatto, meaning that her mother was probably a slave and her father was a slave owner)
3. a) Mary Ann D'Aguilar
3. b) George D'Aguilar
3. c) William D'Aguilar = Sarah Munro
4. John Peter D'Aguilar = Emma Campbell (after Emma's death John Peter remarried to Caroline Ellis, who he had more children that are not included here. These descendants moved to the Bahamas.
5. a) Hananel D'Aguilar = Anita (Amina) Moses)
5. b) Alice Maud D'Aguilar = John Nuñes-Cardoza
5. c) William Carr D'Aguilar
5. d) Edgar Francis D'Aguilar
5. e) Herbert D'Aguilar
5. f) George D'Aguilar
6. a) William Leopold D'Aguilar = Nora Mullett
6. b) Lucian Hananel D'Aguilar
6.
c) Amy D'Aguilar
6. d) Stanley D'Aguilar
6. e) Emma D'Aguilar = (?) Pinto (two sons; one daughter: Ron, David, Mary Elizabeth)
6. f) Louis D'Aguilar
7. a) Phyllis D'Aguilar = Bernard Latibeaudiere (seven daughters, one son: Beverly, Joan, Marjorie, Audrey,
Carole, Robert, Marcia, Peta-Gaye)
7. b) Olga D'Aguilar = Vincent Rowe (one son: Burt Rowe)
7. c) Gloria D'Aguilar (never married)
7. d) Donald D'Aguilar = Carmen Cawley (emigrated to Canada in 1954)
7. e) Maruice D'Aguilar = Shirley Harper (three sons, two daughters: Drew, Brian, Barbara, Michael, Toni)
7. f) William D'Aguilar = Aileen Jureidini (one son, two daughters: Judy, Linda, David)
7. g) Raymond D'Aguilar = Sheila Loftus (two sons, one daughter: Damian, Darren, Marita)
8. a) Christopher D'Aguilar = Lorrie Beamer
8. b) Mark D'Aguilar ~ J. Onuk
8. c) Donna-Lynn D'Aguilar = Arthur Reinstein (two daughters: Monika, Julia)
8. d) Anna D'Aguilar = David Stokes (two sons: Darric, Kyle)
9. a) Tarah D'Aguilar ~ William Garbutt (one daughter: Holly)
9. b) Amanda D'Aguilar = Moses Nsi
I visited your web site today and noticed a few errors and missing members on the genealogy.
My Name is Mark D'Aguilar. I am the Mark D'Aguilar listed near the bottom of your web page. My older brother is Christopher. My father was Donald D'Aguilar. My grandparents were William Leopold D'Aguilar and Nora Mullett. They had seven children (not four).
Below are my ancestors, starting with Hananel D'Aguilar and Rebecca Treves down to my niece Tarah (I composed this family tree for her from documents that I have, including wills, birth certificates and marriage certificates). The information you have prior to Hananel D'Aguilar and Rebecca Treves is the same as my records.
The bold represents my direct ancestors.
1. o) Hananel D'Aguilar = Rebecca Treves (emigrated to Jamaica around 1786)
2. a) Moses D'Aguilar
2. b) Joseph D'Aguilar
2. c, d, e) three daughters whose names I don't know
2. f) Hananel D'Aguilar
(Jr.)
(a.k.a.
William Kerr D'Aguilar.
Converted to Roman Catholicism in Jamaica and changed his name)
= Emilie Gueges
(a free Mulatto, meaning that her mother was probably a slave and her father was a slave owner)
3. a) Mary Ann D'Aguilar
3. b) George D'Aguilar
3. c) William D'Aguilar = Sarah Munro
4. John Peter D'Aguilar = Emma Campbell (after Emma's death John Peter remarried to Caroline Ellis, who he had more children that are not included here. These descendants moved to the Bahamas.
5. a) Hananel D'Aguilar = Anita (Amina) Moses)
5. b) Alice Maud D'Aguilar = John Nuñes-Cardoza
5. c) William Carr D'Aguilar
5. d) Edgar Francis D'Aguilar
5. e) Herbert D'Aguilar
5. f) George D'Aguilar
6. a) William Leopold D'Aguilar = Nora Mullett
6. b) Lucian Hananel D'Aguilar
6.
c) Amy D'Aguilar
6. d) Stanley D'Aguilar
6. e) Emma D'Aguilar = (?) Pinto (two sons; one daughter: Ron, David, Mary Elizabeth)
6. f) Louis D'Aguilar
7. a) Phyllis D'Aguilar = Bernard Latibeaudiere (seven daughters, one son: Beverly, Joan, Marjorie, Audrey,
Carole, Robert, Marcia, Peta-Gaye)
7. b) Olga D'Aguilar = Vincent Rowe (one son: Burt Rowe)
7. c) Gloria D'Aguilar (never married)
7. d) Donald D'Aguilar = Carmen Cawley (emigrated to Canada in 1954)
7. e) Maruice D'Aguilar = Shirley Harper (three sons, two daughters: Drew, Brian, Barbara, Michael, Toni)
7. f) William D'Aguilar = Aileen Jureidini (one son, two daughters: Judy, Linda, David)
7. g) Raymond D'Aguilar = Sheila Loftus (two sons, one daughter: Damian, Darren, Marita)
8. a) Christopher D'Aguilar = Lorrie Beamer
8. b) Mark D'Aguilar ~ J. Onuk
8. c) Donna-Lynn D'Aguilar = Arthur Reinstein (two daughters: Monika, Julia)
8. d) Anna D'Aguilar = David Stokes (two sons: Darric, Kyle)
9. a) Tarah D'Aguilar ~ William Garbutt (one daughter: Holly)
9. b) Amanda D'Aguilar = Moses Nsi
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